The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon (Julian calendar)

Cyrus the GreatPersiaBabylonJulian calendar

Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by the British under Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd.

Battle of Hatfield ChaseEdwin of NorthumbriaPenda of MerciaCadwallon ap Cadfan

The city of Oradea is first mentioned under the Latin name Varadinum ("vár" means fortress in Hungarian).

OradeaLatin

Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk founder of Nichiren Buddhism, is said to have inscribed the Dai Gohonzon.

NichirenNichiren BuddhismDai Gohonzon

The Treaty of Salynas is signed between Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Teutonic Knights, who received Samogitia.

Treaty of SalynasGrand Duchy of LithuaniaVytautas the GreatTeutonic KnightsSamogitia

Christopher Columbus's expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean, specifically in The Bahamas. The explorer believes he has reached the Indies.

Christopher ColumbusThe BahamasIndies

Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

Gregorian calendar

The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100 people.

Delft Explosion

The Salem witch trials are ended by a letter from Massachusetts Governor Sir William Phips.

Salem witch trialsWilliam Phips

British and Spanish naval forces engage at the Battle of Havana during the War of Jenkins' Ear.

Battle of Havana (1748)War of Jenkins' Ear

America's first insane asylum opens.

Eastern State Hospital (Virginia)

The first celebration of Columbus Day is held in New York City.

Columbus Day

The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid on the campus of the University of North Carolina.

Old EastUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Flemish and Luxembourgish peasants launch the rebellion against French rule known as the Peasants' War.

Peasants' War (1798)

Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute, from an altitude of 900 metres (3,000 ft).

Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse

First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.

OktoberfestBavariaMunichLudwig I of Bavaria

Pedro I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor of the Empire of Brazil.

Pedro I of BrazilEmpire of Brazil

Charles Macintosh of Scotland sells the first raincoat.

Charles MacintoshRaincoat

German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens & Halske, which later becomes Siemens AG.

Werner von SiemensSiemens & HalskeSiemens

The city of Manizales, Colombia is founded by 'The Expedition of the 20'.

ManizalesColombia

Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) enacted by British rule in India, which named over 160 local communities 'Criminal Tribes', i.e. hereditary criminals. Repealed in 1949, after Independence of India.

Criminal Tribes ActBritish rule in IndiaDenotified TribesRepealIndependence of India

Uddevalla Suffrage Association is formed.

Uddevalla Suffrage Association

The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited by students in many US public schools, as part of a celebration marking the 400th anniversary of Columbus's voyage.

Pledge of AllegiancePublic school (government funded)

President Theodore Roosevelt officially renames the "Executive Mansion" to the White House.

PresidentTheodore RooseveltWhite House

World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium

World War IEdith CavellAllies of World War I

World War I: The First Battle of Passchendaele takes place resulting in the largest single day loss of life in New Zealand history.

First Battle of Passchendaele

A massive forest fire kills 453 people in Cloquet, Minnesota.

1918 Cloquet fireCloquet, Minnesota

An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston.

Iron lungBoston

The military Alcatraz Citadel becomes the civilian Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.

Alcatraz CitadelAlcatraz Federal Penitentiary

World War II: Japanese ships retreat after their defeat in the Battle of Cape Esperance.

Battle of Cape Esperance