The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.

Temple of ArtemisEphesusWonders of the WorldArson

Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope.

Pope PontianPope Urban IPope

Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler.

DiocletianMaximianCaesar (title)

The 365 Crete earthquake affects the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially Alexandria. Many thousands were killed.

365 Crete earthquakeAlexandria

King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see 902).[1]

Berengar I of ItalyPrincipality of HungaryFranciaVeronaLouis the Blind

Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan.

Battle of TaillebourgLouis IX of FranceHenry III of EnglandHugh X of Lusignan

Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England.

Battle of ShrewsburyHenry IV of EnglandShropshire

The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight.

Isle of WightFrench invasion of the Isle of Wight

Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau.

Eighty Years' WarBattle of JemmingenFernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of AlbaLouis of Nassau

Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.

Qing dynastyDorgonQueue (hairstyle)Han ChineseManchus

The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War.

Raid on Málaga (1656)Anglo-Spanish War (1654-60)

The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed.

Treaty of PassarowitzOttoman EmpireRepublic of Venice

Russo-Turkish War (1768-74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war.

Russo-Turkish War (1768-74)Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

Battle of Brewster Isand : Patriot minutemen in whaleboats, commanded by Major Joseph Vose, raid Nantasket Point, also known as Little Brewster Island, in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts.

Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians.

Leopold I of BelgiumBelgians

American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.

American Civil WarFirst Battle of Bull RunManassas, VirginiaConfederate States of America

In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown.

Springfield, MissouriWild Bill HickokWild Bill Hickok - Davis Tutt shootoutDavis Tutt

At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West.

Adair, IowaJesse JamesJames-Younger GangTrain robberyAmerican Frontier

After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.

Baltimore and Ohio RailroadGreat Railroad Strike of 1877MarylandPittsburghSympathy strike

Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium.

Louis RigollyGobron-BrilliéOstend

The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people.

SS Columbia (1880)Shelter Cove, California

The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people.

AirshipWingfoot Air Express crashChicago

World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10.

World War IIBattle of Guam (1944)GuamAugust 10

World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and fellow conspirators are tortured and executed in Berlin, Germany, for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.

Claus von StauffenbergBerlin20 July plotAdolf Hitler

The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty.

United States SenateNorth Atlantic Treaty

The 7.3-Mw Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds.

1952 Kern County earthquakeSouthern CaliforniaMercalli intensity scale

First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.

First Indochina WarGeneva Conference (1954)VietnamNorth VietnamSouth Vietnam

NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative.

NS SavannahNuclear marine propulsionShip naming and launchingDwight D. EisenhowerAtoms for Peace

Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2-1 loss to the Chicago White Sox.

Pumpsie GreenList of African-American firstsBoston Red SoxPinch runnerVic Wertz

Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, becoming the world's first female head of government

Sirimavo BandaranaikeSri Lanka