Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings: In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the Norman forces of William the Conqueror defeat the English army and kill King Harold II of England.

Norman ConquestBattle of HastingsSenlac HillHastingsNormans

Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.

Robert the BruceEdward II of EnglandBattle of Old Byland

Because of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

Adoption of the Gregorian calendar

Mary, Queen of Scots, goes on trial for conspiracy against Elizabeth I of England.

Mary, Queen of ScotsElizabeth I of England

Massachusetts enacts the first punitive legislation against the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). The marriage of church-and-state in Puritanism makes them regard the Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically subversive.

MassachusettsReligious Society of FriendsPuritanism

Seven Years' War: Austria defeats Prussia at the Battle of Hochkirch.

Seven Years' WarPrussiaBattle of Hochkirch

The first recorded Ministry of Education, the Commission of National Education, is formed in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Ministry (government department)Commission of National EducationPolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Just before the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, several of the British East India Company's tea ships are set ablaze at the old seaport of Annapolis, Maryland.

American Revolutionary WarBritish East India CompanyAnnapolis, Maryland

Battle of Elchingen, France defeats Austria.

Battle of Elchingen

Battle of Jena-Auerstedt France defeats Prussia.

Battle of Jena-AuerstedtPrussia

The Republic of Ragusa is annexed by France.

Republic of Ragusa

Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell arrested by British on charges of criminal conspiracy.

Daniel O'Connell

American Civil War: Battle of Bristoe Station: Confederate troops under the command of General Robert E. Lee fail to drive the Union Army completely out of Virginia.

American Civil WarBattle of Bristoe StationConfederate States ArmyRobert E. LeeUnion Army

American inventor George Eastman receives a U.S. Government patent on his new paper-strip photographic film.

George EastmanPatentPhotographic film

Louis Le Prince films first motion picture: Roundhay Garden Scene.

Louis Le PrinceRoundhay Garden Scene

The steamer ship SS Mohegan sinks after impacting the Manacles near Cornwall, United Kingdom, killing 106.

SS MoheganThe ManaclesCornwall

The Chicago Cubs defeat the Detroit Tigers, 2-0, clinching the World Series; this would be their last until clinching the 2016 World Series.

Chicago CubsDetroit TigersWorld Series

English aviator Claude Grahame-White lands his Farman Aircraft biplane on Executive Avenue near the White House in Washington, D.C.

Claude Grahame-WhiteFarman AircraftWhite House

While campaigning in Milwaukee, the former President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, is shot and mildly wounded by John Schrank, a mentally-disturbed saloon keeper. With the fresh wound in his chest, and the bullet still within it, Mr. Roosevelt still carries out his scheduled public speech.

MilwaukeeTheodore RooseveltJohn Schrank

Senghenydd colliery disaster, the United Kingdom's worst coal mining accident claims the lives of 439 miners.

Senghenydd colliery disasterMiner

World War I: Bulgaria joins the Central Powers.

Bulgaria during World War I

Part of Petsamo Province is ceded by the Soviet Union to Finland.

Pechengsky DistrictSoviet Union

The children's book Winnie-the-Pooh, by A. A. Milne, is first published.

Children's literatureWinnie-the-PoohA. A. Milne

Nazi Germany withdraws from the League of Nations and World Disarmament Conference.

Nazi GermanyLeague of NationsWorld Disarmament Conference

The first flight of the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighter plane.

Curtiss P-40 Warhawk

World War II: The German submarine U-47 sinks the British battleship HMS Royal Oak within her harbour at Scapa Flow, Scotland.

German submarine U-47 (1938)HMS Royal Oak (08)Scapa Flow

World War II: The Balham underground station disaster kills sixty-six people during the London Blitz.

Balham underground station disasterThe Blitz

World War II: Prisoners at the Sobibór extermination camp in Poland revolt against the Germans.

Sobibór extermination camp

World War II: The American Eighth Air Force loses 60 of 291 B-17 Flying Fortress during the Second Raid on Schweinfurt.

Eighth Air ForceB-17 Flying FortressSecond Raid on Schweinfurt

World War II: The Second Philippine Republic, a puppet of the Empire of Japan, was inaugurated with Jose P. Laurel as its president.

Second Philippine RepublicEmpire of JapanJosé P. Laurel