Battle of Strasbourg: Julian, Caesar (deputy emperor) and supreme commander of the Roman army in Gaul, wins an important victory against the Alemanni at Strasbourg (Argentoratum).

Battle of StrasbourgJulian (emperor)Caesar (title)Late Roman armyGaul

Emperor Constantine V humiliates nineteen high-ranking officials, after discovering a plot against him. He executes the leaders, Constantine Podopagouros and his brother Strategios.

Constantine VConstantine PodopagourosStrategios Podopagouros

The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III, the Archbishop of Utrecht.

OmmenCity rights in the Low CountriesRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht

Regent George Mouzalon and his brothers are killed during a coup headed by the aristocratic faction under, paving the way for its leader, Michael VIII Palaiologos, to ultimately usurp the throne of the Empire of Nicaea.

George MouzalonMichael VIII PalaiologosEmpire of Nicaea

King Louis IX of France dies in Tunis while on the Eighth Crusade.

Louis IX of FranceEighth Crusade

The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.

Honourable Artillery CompanyRegimentBritish Army

António Mota and a few companions become the first Europeans to visit Japan.

António Mota

Battle of Alcântara. Spain defeats Portugal.

Battle of Alcântara (1580)

Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.

Galileo GalileiRepublic of Venice

Portuguese forces are defeated by the Kingdom of Kandy at the Battle of Randeniwela in Sri Lanka.

Kingdom of KandyBattle of RandeniwelaSri Lanka

Seven Years' War: Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at the Battle of Zorndorf.

Seven Years' WarFrederick II of PrussiaBattle of Zorndorf

War of 1812: On the second day of the Burning of Washington, British troops torch the Library of Congress, United States Treasury, Department of War, and other public buildings.

War of 1812Burning of WashingtonLibrary of CongressUnited States TreasuryUnited States Department of War

American fur trapper Hugh Glass is mauled by a grizzly bear while on an expedition in South Dakota.

Hugh GlassGrizzly bearSouth Dakota

Uruguay declares its independence from Brazil.

UruguayBrazil

The Belgian Revolution begins.

Belgian Revolution

The first Great Moon Hoax article is published in The New York Sun, announcing the discovery of life and civilization on the Moon.

Great Moon HoaxThe Sun (New York)Moon

Captain Matthew Webb became the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 22 hours.

Matthew Webb

France and Viet Nam sign the Treaty of Huế, recognizing a French protectorate over Annam and Tonkin.

French Third RepublicNguyễn dynastyTreaty of Huế (1883)

Kitasato Shibasaburō discovers the infectious agent of the bubonic plague and publishes his findings in The Lancet.

Kitasato ShibasaburōBubonic plagueThe Lancet

Seven hundred Greek civilians, 17 British guards and the British Consul of Crete are killed by a Turkish mob in Heraklion, Greece.

Consul (representative)CreteHeraklion

World War I: The library of the Catholic University of Leuven is deliberately destroyed by the German Army. Hundreds of thousands of irreplaceable volumes and Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts are lost.

World War ICatholic University of Leuven (1834-1968)

The United States National Park Service is created.

National Park Service

Polish-Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw, which began on August 13, ends with the Red Army's defeat.

Polish-Soviet WarBattle of Warsaw (1920)August 13Red Army

The Diexi earthquake strikes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.

1933 Diexi earthquakeMao CountySichuan

The United Kingdom and Poland form a military alliance in which the UK promises to defend Poland in case of invasion by a foreign power.

Second Polish RepublicAnglo-Polish military alliance

World War II: The first Bombing of Berlin by the British Royal Air Force.

World War IIBombing of Berlin in World War IIUnited KingdomRoyal Air Force

World War II: Second day of the Battle of the Eastern Solomons; a Japanese naval transport convoy headed towards Guadalcanal is turned back by an Allied air attack.

Battle of the Eastern SolomonsEmpire of JapanGuadalcanalAllies of World War II

World War II: Paris is liberated by the Allies.

Liberation of ParisAllies of World War II

Ten days after World War II ends with Japan announcing its surrender, armed supporters of the Chinese Communist Party kill U.S. intelligence officer John Birch, regarded by some of the American right as the first victim of the Cold War.

Victory over Japan DayCommunist Party of ChinaJohn Birch (missionary)Conservatism in the United StatesCold War

The House Un-American Activities Committee holds first-ever televised congressional hearing: "Confrontation Day" between Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss.

House Un-American Activities CommitteeWhittaker ChambersAlger Hiss