Julius Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Battle of the Bagradas (49 BC) by the Numidians under Publius Attius Varus and King Juba of Numidia. Curio commits suicide to avoid capture.

Julius CaesarGeneralGaius Scribonius CurioBattle of the Bagradas (49 BC)Numidians

Mount Vesuvius erupts. The cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae are buried in volcanic ash (note: this traditional date has been challenged, and many scholars believe that the event occurred on October 24).

Mount VesuviusEruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79PompeiiHerculaneumStabiae

Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father .

GratianRoman emperorValentinian IAugustus (honorific)

The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, was written.

Graffito of Esmet-AkhomEgyptian hieroglyphs

The Visigoths under king Alaric I begin to pillage Rome.

VisigothsAlaric ISack of Rome (410)

The Vandals, led by king Genseric, begin to plunder Rome. Pope Leo I requests Genseric not destroy the ancient city or murder its citizens. He agrees and the gates of Rome are opened. However, the Vandals loot a great amount of treasure.

VandalsGensericSack of Rome (455)Pope Leo IAncient Rome

Sack of Thessalonica by the Normans.

Sack of Thessalonica (1185)

King John of England, signer of the first Magna Carta, marries Isabella of Angoulême in Bordeaux Cathedral.

John of EnglandMagna CartaIsabella of AngoulêmeBordeaux Cathedral

Pope Innocent III declares Magna Carta invalid.

Pope Innocent IIIMagna Carta

Six thousand Jews are killed in Mainz after being blamed for the bubonic plague.[1]

MainzBubonic plague

The printing of the Gutenberg Bible is completed.

Gutenberg Bible

The town and castle of Berwick upon Tweed is captured from Scotland by an English army

Capture of Berwick (1482)

The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures present-day Syria at the Battle of Marj Dabiq.

Ottoman EmpireSelim IMamluk Sultanate (Cairo)Battle of Marj Dabiq

Willem of Orange marries duchess Anna of Saxony.

William the SilentAnna of Saxony

The first official English representative to India lands in Surat.

Surat

The Act of Uniformity requires England to accept the Book of Common Prayer.

Act of Uniformity 1662Book of Common Prayer

William Penn receives the area that is now the state of Delaware, and adds it to his colony of Pennsylvania.

William PennDelawareColonyPennsylvania

Job Charnock of the East India Company establishes a factory in Calcutta, an event formerly considered the founding of the city (in 2003 the Calcutta High Court ruled that the city's foundation date is unknown).

Job CharnockEast India CompanyFactory (trading post)KolkataCalcutta High Court

American Revolutionary War: A small force of Pennsylvania militia is ambushed and overwhelmed by an American Indian group, which forces George Rogers Clark to abandon his attempt to attack Detroit.

American Revolutionary WarMilitia (United States)Lochry's DefeatGeorge Rogers ClarkDetroit

Peninsular War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.

Peninsular WarUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandKingdom of PortugalSiege of Cádiz

British troops invade Washington, D.C. and during the Burning of Washington the White House, the Capitol and many other buildings are set ablaze.

Burning of WashingtonWhite HouseUnited States Capitol

The modern Constitution of the Netherlands is signed.

Constitution of the Netherlands

The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri.

Treaty of St. Louis (1816)St. Louis, Missouri

Constitutionalist insurrection at Oporto, Portugal.

ConstitutionalismHistory of PortugalPorto

The Treaty of Córdoba is signed in Córdoba, now in Veracruz, Mexico, concluding the Mexican War of Independence from Spain.

Treaty of CórdobaCórdoba, VeracruzVeracruz (state)Mexican War of Independence

The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.

Panic of 1857

The Wolseley expedition reaches Manitoba to end the Red River Rebellion.

Wolseley expeditionManitobaRed River Rebellion

Captain Matthew Webb became the first person to swim the English Channel.

Matthew WebbEnglish Channel

Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera.

Thomas Edison

Count Muravyov, Foreign Minister of Russia presents a rescript that convoked the First Hague Peace Conference.

Mikhail Nikolayevich MuravyovForeign Minister of RussiaFirst Hague Peace Conference