The Roman emperor Didius Julianus is assassinated.

Roman emperorDidius Julianus

Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.

ZhongduJurchen peopleEmperor Xuanzong of JinMongolsGenghis Khan

Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.

Alfonso XKingdom of CastileKingdom of León

Residents of Riga and Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.

RigaGrand Duchy of LithuaniaLivonian OrderBattle of Turaida

A monk, John Cor, records the first known batch of Scotch whisky.

MonkJohn CorScotch whisky

Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.

Anne BoleynQueen consort

Combined forces loyal to Charles V attack and expel the Ottomans from Tunis during the Conquest of Tunis.

Charles V, Holy Roman EmperorOttoman EmpireTunisConquest of Tunis (1535)

The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.

RoundheadCavalierBattle of MaidstoneSecond English Civil War

Start of the Sumuroy Revolt: Filipinos in Northern Samar led by Agustin Sumuroy revolt against Spanish colonial authorities.

Philippine revolts against SpainNorthern SamarAgustin Sumuroy

Mary Dyer is hanged for defying a law banning Quakers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Mary DyerQuakersMassachusetts Bay Colony

In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.

DoverCharles II of EnglandLouis XIV of FranceSecret Treaty of DoverThird Anglo-Dutch War

The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog.

CovenanterJohn Graham of ClaverhouseBattle of Drumclog

Wolraad Woltemade rescues 14 sailors at the Cape of Good Hope from the sinking ship De Jonge Thomas by riding his horse into the sea seven times. He drowned on his eighth attempt.

Wolraad WoltemadeCape of Good Hope

Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, is court-martialed for malfeasance.

Benedict ArnoldGeneral officerContinental ArmyAmerican Revolutionary WarCourt-martial

Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States.

KentuckyAdmission to the UnionU.S. state

The battle of the Glorious First of June is fought, the first naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Glorious First of JuneFrench Revolutionary Wars

Tennessee is admitted as the 16th state of the United States.

TennesseeU.S. state

War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.

War of 1812James MadisonUnited States Congress

James Lawrence, the mortally-wounded commander of the USS Chesapeake, gives his final order: "Don't give up the ship!"

James LawrenceUSS Chesapeake (1799)

Napoleon promulgates a revised Constitution after it passes a plebiscite.

NapoleonCharter of 1815

James Clark Ross becomes the first European at the North Magnetic Pole.

James Clark RossNorth Magnetic Pole

Territorial Governor Alexander Ramsey declared the Territory of Minnesota officially established.

Alexander RamseyTerritory of Minnesota

The American adventurer William Walker conquers Nicaragua.

AdventurerWilliam Walker (filibuster)Nicaragua

Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.

Charles BaudelaireLes Fleurs du mal

American Civil War: The Battle of Fairfax Court House is fought.

American Civil WarBattle of Fairfax Court House (June 1861)

American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: The Battle of Seven Pines (or the Battle of Fair Oaks) ends inconclusively, with both sides claiming victory.

Peninsula CampaignBattle of Seven Pines

The Treaty of Bosque Redondo is signed, allowing the Navajo to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico.

Treaty of Bosque RedondoNavajoArizonaNew Mexico

Napoléon Eugène, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War.

Napoléon, Prince ImperialHouse of BonaparteAnglo-Zulu War

The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.

United States Census BureauHerman HollerithTabulating machineCensus

Robert Falcon Scott's second South Pole expedition leaves Cardiff.

Robert Falcon ScottSouth PoleCardiff