Empress Wu Zetian abdicates the throne, restoring the Tang dynasty.

Wu ZetianTang dynasty

Battle of Picotin between Ferdinand of Majorca and the forces of Matilda of Hainaut

Battle of PicotinFerdinand of MajorcaMatilda of Hainaut

Robert II becomes King of Scotland, beginning the Stuart dynasty.

Robert II of ScotlandKingdom of ScotlandHouse of Stuart

King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne.

Charles VIII of FranceNaples

Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published.

Galileo GalileiDialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

St. Peter's Flood: A storm surge floods the Frisian coast, drowning 15,000 people.

St. Peter's FloodGerman Bight

War of the Austrian Succession: The Battle of Toulon causes several Royal Navy captains to be court-martialed, and the Articles of War to be amended.

War of the Austrian SuccessionBattle of Toulon (1744)Royal NavyCourt-martialArticles of War

The last Invasion of Britain begins near Fishguard, Wales.

Last Invasion of BritainFishguardWales

By the Adams-Onís Treaty, Spain sells Florida to the United States for five million U.S. dollars.

Adams-Onís TreatyHistory of Florida

Greek War of Independence: Alexander Ypsilantis crosses the Prut river at Sculeni into the Danubian Principalities.

Greek War of IndependenceAlexander YpsilantisPrutSculeniDanubian Principalities

Mexican-American War: The Battle of Buena Vista: Five thousand American troops defeat 15,000 Mexicans troops.

Mexican-American WarBattle of Buena VistaMexico

The French Revolution of 1848, which would lead to the establishment of the French Second Republic, begins.

French Revolution of 1848French Second Republic

Washington University in St. Louis is founded as Eliot Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri.

Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, Missouri

The Pennsylvania State University is founded in State College, Pennsylvania (as the Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania).

Pennsylvania State UniversityState College, Pennsylvania

The United States Republican Party opens its first national convention in Pittsburgh.

Republican Party (United States)Pittsburgh

Jefferson Davis is officially inaugurated for a six-year term as the President of the Confederate States of America in Richmond, Virginia. He was previously inaugurated as a provisional president on February 18, 1861.

Jefferson DavisPresident of the Confederate States of AmericaRichmond, Virginia

The Prohibition Party holds its first national convention in Columbus, Ohio, nominating James Black as its presidential nominee.

Prohibition PartyColumbus, OhioJames Black (prohibitionist)

In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opens the first of many of five-and-dime Woolworth stores.

Utica, New YorkFrank WoolworthF. W. Woolworth Company

Filipino forces led by General Antonio Luna launch counterattacks for the first time against the American forces during the Philippine-American War. The Filipinos fail to regain Manila from the Americans.

Philippine Revolutionary ArmyAntonio LunaSecond Battle of CaloocanPhilippine-American War

The United Kingdom sells a meteorological station on the South Orkney Islands to Argentina; the islands are subsequently claimed by the United Kingdom in 1908.

South Orkney IslandsArgentina

Robert Baden-Powell made the first scouting camp in Brownsea, England.

Robert Baden-PowellBrownsea

The sixteen battleships of the Great White Fleet, led by USS Connecticut, return to the United States after a voyage around the world.

BattleshipGreat White FleetUSS Connecticut (BB-18)

World War I: The Imperial German Navy institutes unrestricted submarine warfare.

World War IImperial German NavyUnrestricted submarine warfare

After Russian forces under Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg drive the Chinese out, the Bogd Khan is reinstalled as the emperor of Mongolia.

Roman von Ungern-SternbergBogd KhanKhaganMongolia (1911-24)

U.S. President Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President to deliver a radio address from the White House.

Calvin CoolidgeRadio in the United StatesWhite House

World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines as the Japanese victory becomes inevitable.

World War IIFranklin D. RooseveltDouglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines

World War II: Members of the White Rose resistance, Sophie Scholl, Hans Scholl, and Christoph Probst are executed in Nazi Germany.

White RoseSophie SchollHans SchollChristoph ProbstNazi Germany

World War II: American aircraft mistakenly bomb the Dutch towns of Nijmegen, Arnhem, Enschede and Deventer, resulting in 800 dead in Nijmegen alone.

NijmegenArnhemEnschedeDeventer

World War II: The Soviet Red Army recaptures Krivoi Rog.

Red ArmyKrivoi Rog

Communist coup in Czechoslovakia.

1948 Czechoslovak coup d'étatCzechoslovakia