Ridda wars: The Arabian Peninsula is united under the central authority of Caliph Abu Bakr.

Ridda warsArabian PeninsulaAbu Bakr

An earthquake affects the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula, leaving up to 20,000 dead.

1068 Near East earthquakeLevantArabian Peninsula

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade.

Frederick II, Holy Roman EmperorKing of JerusalemSixth Crusade

First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city.

First Mongol invasion of PolandMongol EmpireHistory of Poland during the Piast dynastyKrakówBattle of Chmielnik

Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and final Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake.

Jacques de MolayKnights Templar

Albert II of Habsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

Albert II of HabsburgHoly Roman Emperor

Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.

Susenyos IEthiopia

The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia.

Anglo-Powhatan WarsColony of Virginia

New York governor George Clarke's complex at Fort George is burned in an arson attack, starting the New York Conspiracy of 1741.

George Clarke (governor)Fort AmsterdamNew York Conspiracy of 1741

American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act.

American RevolutionBritish ParliamentStamp Act 1765

The first modern republic in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.

RepublicRepublic of MainzAndreas Joseph Hofmann

Flanders Campaign of the French Revolution, Battle of Neerwinden.

Flanders CampaignFrench RevolutionBattle of Neerwinden (1793)

Six farm labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorset, England are sentenced to be transported to Australia for forming a trade union.

Tolpuddle MartyrsTolpuddleDorsetTrade union

March Revolution: In Berlin there is a struggle between citizens and military, costing about 300 lives.

German revolutions of 1848-49

American Express is founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo.

American ExpressHenry WellsWilliam Fargo

American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.

American Civil WarCongress of the Confederate States

Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic, Adolphe Thiers, orders the evacuation of Paris.

Paris CommuneAdolphe Thiers

Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trade rights.

HawaiiTrade

Former Governor General Lord Stanley pledges to donate a silver challenge cup, later named after him, as an award for the best hockey team in Canada the Stanley Cup.

Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of DerbySilverIce hockeyStanley Cup

King George I of Greece is assassinated in the recently liberated city of Thessaloniki.

George I of GreeceThessaloniki

World War I: During the Battle of Gallipoli, three battleships are sunk during a failed British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles.

World War IBattle of GallipoliBattleshipNaval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign

The second Peace of Riga is signed between Poland and the Soviet Union.

Peace of RigaSoviet Union

In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience, of which he serves only two.

Mohandas GandhiPrisonCivil disobedience

The Tri-State Tornado hits the Midwestern states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing 695 people.

Tri-State TornadoMissouriIllinoisIndiana

The New London School explosion in New London, Texas, kills 300 people, mostly children.

New London School explosionNew London, Texas

Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Guadalajara.

Spanish Civil WarItalyBattle of Guadalajara

Mexico creates Pemex by expropriating all foreign-owned oil reserves and facilities.

PemexMexican oil expropriation

World War II: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.

World War IIAdolf HitlerBenito MussoliniBrenner PassAlps

The War Relocation Authority is established in the United States to take Japanese Americans into custody.

War Relocation Authority

The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius's will and proclaims Caligula emperor.

Roman SenateTiberiusCaligula