Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald while his wife Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom.

Pepin of HerstalMerovingian dynastyJupille-sur-MeuseTheudoaldPlectrude

An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Yanjing, initiating the An Lushan Rebellion during the Tang dynasty of China.

An LushanChancellor of the Tang dynastyYang GuozhongYanjingAn Lushan Rebellion

Hundred Years' War: Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre Dame in Paris.

Hundred Years' WarHenry VI of EnglandKing of FranceNotre Dame de Paris

Vasco da Gama passes the Great Fish River, where Bartolomeu Dias had previously turned back to Portugal.

Vasco da GamaGreat Fish RiverBartolomeu Dias

An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 strikes Valdivia, Chile.

1575 Valdivia earthquake

Seven-Year War: Battle of Noryang: The final battle of the Seven-Year War is fought between the China and the Korean allied forces and Japanese navies, resulting in a decisive allied forces victory.

Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-98)Battle of Noryang

English Interregnum: The Protectorate: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Interregnum (England)The ProtectorateOliver CromwellLord ProtectorCommonwealth of England

Convention Parliament: The Declaration of Right is embodied in the Bill of Rights.

Convention Parliament (1689)Bill of Rights 1689

Seven Years' War: After a four-month siege, the Russians under Pyotr Rumyantsev take the Prussian fortress of Kołobrzeg.

Seven Years' WarSiege of Kolberg (Seven Years' War)Pyotr RumyantsevPrussiaKołobrzeg

American Revolution: Boston Tea Party: Members of the Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians dump hundreds of crates of tea into Boston harbor as a protest against the Tea Act.

American RevolutionBoston Tea PartySons of LibertyMohawk peopleBoston

The first two in a series of four severe earthquakes occur in the vicinity of New Madrid, Missouri.

1811-12 New Madrid earthquakesEarthquakeNew Madrid Seismic Zone

Benjamin W. Edwards rides into Mexican-controlled Nacogdoches, Texas, and declares himself ruler of the Republic of Fredonia.

Benjamin W. EdwardsNacogdoches, TexasFredonian Rebellion

Great Trek: Battle of Blood River: Voortrekkers led by Andries Pretorius and Sarel Cilliers defeat Zulu impis, led by Dambuza (Nzobo) and Ndlela kaSompisi in what is today KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.[1]

Great TrekBattle of Blood RiverVoortrekkersAndries PretoriusSarel Cilliers

The Charlotte Jane and the Randolph bring the first of the Canterbury Pilgrims to Lyttelton, New Zealand.

Charlotte JaneRandolph (ship)Canterbury AssociationLyttelton, New Zealand

American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnston replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.

American Civil WarJoseph E. JohnstonBraxton BraggConfederate States ArmyArmy of Tennessee

American Civil War: Battle of Nashville: Major General George Thomas's Union forces defeat Lieutenant General John Bell Hood's Confederate Army of Tennessee.

Battle of NashvilleGeorge Henry ThomasUnion (American Civil War)John Bell HoodArmy of Tennessee

Outbreak of the First Boer War between the Boer South African Republic and the British Empire.

First Boer WarBoerSouth African RepublicBritish Empire

Tonkin Campaign: French forces capture the Sơn Tây citadel.

Tonkin CampaignFrench Third RepublicSơn Tây CampaignSơn Tây (Hanoi)

Taj Mahal Palace & Tower hotel in Bombay first opens its doors to guests.

The Taj Mahal Palace HotelMumbai

The American Great White Fleet begins its circumnavigation of the world.

Great White Fleet

First Balkan War: The Royal Hellenic Navy defeats the Ottoman Navy at the Battle of Elli.

First Balkan WarHellenic NavyOttoman NavyBattle of Elli

World War I: Admiral Franz von Hipper commands a raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby.

World War IFranz von HipperRaid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby

Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas declares the formation of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic; it is dissolved in 1919.

Vincas Mickevičius-KapsukasLithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918-19)

The Haiyuan earthquake, magnitude 8.5, rocks the Gansu province in China, killing an estimated 200,000.

1920 Haiyuan earthquakeGansu

President of Poland Gabriel Narutowicz is assassinated by Eligiusz Niewiadomski at the Zachęta Gallery in Warsaw.

President of PolandGabriel NarutowiczEligiusz NiewiadomskiWarsaw

Bank robber Herman Lamm and members of his crew are killed by a 200-strong posse, following a botched bank robbery, in Clinton, Indiana.

Herman LammClinton, Indiana

Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe attempt to escape from the American federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay; neither is ever seen again.

Theodore Cole and Ralph RoeAlcatraz IslandSan Francisco Bay

Adolf Hitler institutes the Cross of Honour of the German Mother.

Adolf HitlerCross of Honour of the German Mother

World War II: Japanese forces occupy Miri, Sarawak.

World War IIMiri, MalaysiaSarawak

The Holocaust: Schutzstaffel chief Heinrich Himmler orders that Roma candidates for extermination be deported to Auschwitz.

The HolocaustSchutzstaffelHeinrich HimmlerRomani peopleAuschwitz concentration camp