Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire.

HeracliusConstantinopleSasanian Empire

"Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Birth of Harun's son al-Ma'mun.

Harun al-RashidAbbasid CaliphateAl-HadiAl-Ma'mun

Battle of Islandbridge: High King Niall Glúndub is killed while leading an Irish coalition against the Vikings of Uí Ímair, led by King Sitric Cáech.

Battle of IslandbridgeNiall GlúndubVikingsUí ÍmairSitric Cáech

Battle of Ishibashiyama in Japan.

Battle of IshibashiyamaJapan

Battle of Homildon Hill results in an English victory over Scotland.

Battle of Homildon HillScotland

Flight of the Earls from Lough Swilly, Donegal, Ireland.

Flight of the EarlsIreland

Bishop Gore School, one of the oldest schools in Wales, is founded.

Bishop Gore SchoolWales

Grand Master António Manoel de Vilhena lays down the first stone of Fort Manoel in Malta.

António Manoel de VilhenaFort ManoelMalta

George Frideric Handel completes his oratorio Messiah.

George Frideric HandelMessiah (Handel)

The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).

British EmpireGregorian calendar

Seneca warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Devil's Hole during Pontiac's War.

Seneca peopleBattle of Devil's HolePontiac's War

The Papal States lose Avignon to Revolutionary France.

Papal StatesAvignonNational Constituent Assembly (France)

Finnish War: Russians defeat the Swedes at the Battle of Oravais.

Finnish WarBattle of Oravais

Napoleonic Wars: The French Grande Armée enters Moscow. The Fire of Moscow begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city.

Napoleonic WarsGrande ArméeFire of Moscow (1812)

Battle of Baltimore: The poem Defence of Fort McHenry is written by Francis Scott Key. The poem is later used as the lyrics of The Star-Spangled Banner.

Battle of BaltimoreFrancis Scott KeyThe Star-Spangled Banner

The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.

Ottoman EmpireTreaty of Adrianople (1829)Russo-Turkish War (1828-29)

Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court.

Jang BahadurKot massacre

American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought.

American Civil WarBattle of South MountainMaryland Campaign

U.S. President William McKinley dies after an assassination attempt on September 6, and is succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt.

William McKinleyAssassination of William McKinleySeptember 6Theodore Roosevelt

HMAS AE1, the Royal Australian Navy's first submarine, was lost at sea with all hands near East New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

HMAS AE1Royal Australian NavyEast New BritainPapua New Guinea

Russia is officially proclaimed a republic.

Republic

Raoul Villain, who assassinated the French Socialist Jean Jaures, is himself killed by Spanish Republicans in Ibiza

Raoul VillainJean JauresIbiza

World War II: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine ORP Orzeł in Tallinn, sparking a diplomatic incident that the Soviet Union will later use to justify the annexation of Estonia.

ORP Orzeł (1938)TallinnOrzeł incident

Ip massacre: The Hungarian Army, supported by local Hungarians, kill 158 Romanian civilians in Ip, Sălaj, a village in Northern Transylvania, an act of ethnic cleansing.

Ip massacreHungarians in RomaniaRomaniaIp, SălajNorthern Transylvania

World War II: The Wehrmacht starts a three-day retaliatory operation targeting several Greek villages in the region of Viannos, whose death toll would eventually exceed 500 persons.

WehrmachtViannos massacresViannos

World War II: Maastricht becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by allied forces.

MaastrichtAllies of World War II

In a top secret nuclear test, a Soviet Tu-4 bomber drops a 40 kiloton atomic weapon just north of Totskoye village.

Totskoye nuclear exerciseTupolev Tu-4KilotonTotskoye

The first two German post-war rockets, designed by the German engineer Ernst Mohr, reach the upper atmosphere.

Mohr RocketErnst Mohr

The Soviet probe Luna 2 crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach it.

Luna 2

Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.

DomitianRoman EmpireTitus