Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.

Scillitan MartyrsScilliumTunisia

Damasus II is elected pope.

Pope Damasus II

The Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault. The Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos flees from his capital into exile.

Fourth CrusadeConstantinopleByzantine emperorAlexios III Angelos

Zhu Di, better known by his era name as the Yongle Emperor, assumes the throne over the Ming dynasty of China.

Regnal nameYongle EmperorMing dynasty

Hundred Years' War: Charles VII of France is crowned the King of France in the Reims Cathedral after a successful campaign by Joan of Arc

Hundred Years' WarCharles VII of FranceCoronation of the French monarchReims CathedralJoan of Arc

Battle of Castillon: The last battle of Hundred Years' War, the French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the battle in Gascony.

Battle of CastillonHundred Years' WarJean BureauJohn Talbot, 1st Earl of ShrewsburyGascony

Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secured independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War.

Battle of Montes ClarosPortuguese Restoration War

King George I of Great Britain sails down the River Thames with a barge of 50 musicians, where George Frideric Handel's Water Music is premiered.

George I of Great BritainRiver ThamesGeorge Frideric HandelWater Music (Handel)

Catherine II becomes tsar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia.

Catherine the GreatTsarPeter III of Russia

Bloody Falls massacre: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee, traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting Inuit.

Bloody Falls massacreChipewyanMatonabbeeSamuel HearneInuit

Members of the French National Guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing scores of people.

National Guard (France)Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de LafayetteChamp de Mars MassacreJacobin (politics)Champ de Mars

The 16 Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne are executed ten days prior to the end of the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.

CarmelitesMartyrs of CompiègneReign of Terror

Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the first dental school in the U.S. that is affiliated with a university.

Harvard School of Dental MedicineBoston

NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.

NEC

Willis Carrier creates the first air conditioner in Buffalo, New York.

Willis CarrierBuffalo, New York

the first Tour de France was won by Maurice Garin.

1903 Tour de FranceMaurice Garin

King George V issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname Windsor.

George VBritish Royal FamilyHouse of Windsor

Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his immediate family and retainers are executed by Bolshevik Chekists at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

Nicholas II of RussiaRussian EmpireShooting of the Romanov familyBolshevikCheka

The RMS Carpathia, the ship that rescued the 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic, is sunk off Ireland by the German SM U-55; five lives are lost.

RMS CarpathiaRMS TitanicSM U-55

Altona Bloody Sunday: A riot between the Nazi Party paramilitary forces, the SS and SA, and the German Communist Party ensues.

Altona Bloody SundayNazi PartySchutzstaffelSturmabteilungCommunist Party of Germany

Spanish Civil War: An Armed Forces rebellion against the recently elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain starts the civil war.

Spanish Civil WarSpanish coup of July 1936Popular Front (Spain)

Douglas Corrigan takes off from Brooklyn to fly the "wrong way" to Ireland and becomes known as "Wrong Way" Corrigan.

Douglas CorriganFloyd Bennett Field

Port Chicago disaster: Near the San Francisco Bay, two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California, killing 320.

Port Chicago disasterSan Francisco BayAmmunitionPort Chicago, California

World War II: Napalm incendiary bombs are dropped for the first time by American P-38 pilots on a fuel depot at Coutances, near Saint-Lô, France.

World War IINapalmLockheed P-38 LightningSaint-Lô

World War II: At Sainte-Foy-de-Montgommery.[1] in Normandy Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was strafed by allied aircraft while returning to his headquarters.

World War IISainte-Foy-de-MontgommeryErwin Rommel

World War II: The main three leaders of the Allied nations, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin, meet in the German city of Potsdam to decide the future of a defeated Germany.

Allies of World War IIWinston ChurchillHarry S. TrumanJoseph StalinPotsdam Conference

The largest number of United States midshipman casualties in a single event results from an aircraft crash in Florida, killing 44.

MidshipmanUSMC R4Q NROTC crash

Disneyland is dedicated and opened by Walt Disney in Anaheim, California.

DisneylandAnaheim, California

Nuclear weapons testing: The "Small Boy" test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada National Security Site.

Nuclear weapons testingLittle Feller (nuclear tests)Nevada National Security Site

Abdul Rahman Arif is overthrown and the Ba'ath Party is installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President.

Abdul Rahman Arif17 July RevolutionBa'ath PartyIraqAhmed Hassan al-Bakr