An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong flees the capital Chang'an as An Lushan's forces advance toward the city.

An Lushan RebellionEmperor Xuanzong of TangChang'anAn Lushan

Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.

Louis VIII of FrancePhilip II of France

Battle of Vítkov Hill, decisive victory of Czech Hussite forces commanded by Jan Žižka against Crusade army led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

Battle of Vítkov HillJan ŽižkaSigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

An expedition led by Gaspar de Portolá establishes a base in California and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).

Portolá expeditionGaspar de PortoláCaliforniaMonterey, California

Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.

Mission San Antonio de PaduaFranciscanFriarJunípero Serra

French Revolution: Citizens of Paris storm the Bastille.

French RevolutionStorming of the Bastille

Alexander Mackenzie finally completes his journey to the mouth of the great river he hoped would take him to the Pacific, but which turns out to flow into the Arctic Ocean. Later named after him, the Mackenzie is the second-longest river system in North America.

Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)Mackenzie River

French Revolution: Citizens of Paris celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation in the Fête de la Fédération.

Fête de la Fédération

The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England.

Priestley RiotsJoseph PriestleyBirmingham

The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.

Alien and Sedition ActsFederal crime

Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.

World's fairExhibition of the Industry of All Nations

First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.

First ascent of the MatterhornEdward Whymper

The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.

Chicago Fire of 1874

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 begins in Martinsburg, West Virginia when Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers have their wages cut for the second time in a year.

Great Railroad Strike of 1877Martinsburg, West VirginiaBaltimore and Ohio Railroad

Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.

Billy the KidPat GarrettFort Sumner

Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion.

Eight-Nation AllianceSiege of the International LegationsTianjinBoxer Rebellion

The Campanile in St Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta.

St Mark's CampanilePiazza San Marco

Harry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright brothers, lands his airplane at the South Lawn of the White House. He is later awarded a Gold medal from U.S. President William Howard Taft for this feat.

Harry AtwoodWright brothersSouth Lawn (White House)Gold medalWilliam Howard Taft

The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire begins.

McMahon-Hussein CorrespondenceHussein bin Ali, Sharif of MeccaHenry McMahonArab RevoltOttoman Empire

Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme, which was to last until 3 September 1916.

Battle of Delville WoodBattle of the Somme

New Vietnam Revolutionary Party is founded in Huế, providing some of the communist party's most important leaders in its early years.

Tân Việt Revolutionary PartyHuếCommunist Party of Vietnam

Gleichschaltung: In Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party.

GleichschaltungPolitical partyNazi Party

The Nazi eugenics begins with the proclamation of the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring that calls for the compulsory sterilization of any citizen who suffers from alleged genetic disorders.

Nazi eugenicsLaw for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased OffspringCompulsory sterilization

In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of an African American.

Diamond, MissouriGeorge Washington Carver National MonumentUnited States National MonumentAfrican American

Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded near the Italian Parliament.

Palmiro TogliattiItalian Communist PartyItalian Parliament

Korean War: North Korean troops initiate the Battle of Taejon.

Korean WarNorth KoreaBattle of Taejon

Rawya Ateya takes her seat in the National Assembly of Egypt, thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the Arab world.

Rawya AteyaParliament of EgyptEgyptArab world

Iraqi Revolution: In Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces led by Abd al-Karim Qasim, who becomes the nation's new leader.

14 July RevolutionIraqMonarchyAbd al-Karim Qasim

Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild.

Jane Goodall

The Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet.

Mariner 4Mars