The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out. After his arrival at Antioch, the Jews begin a rebellion in Palestine.

Jewish revolt against Constantius GallusAntiochPalestine (region)

In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt.

ConstantinopleDomeHagia SophiaJustinian I

In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens to regulate the election of the Pope.

Second Council of LyonPope

The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista.

Siege of Málaga (1487)Reconquista

Louis XIV of France begins construction of the Palace of Versailles.

Louis XIV of FrancePalace of Versailles

Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces.

Battle of Vrtijeljka

Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed by fire. It is replaced in the 18th century by the current Royal Palace.

StockholmMiddle AgesStockholm Palace

The city of New Orleans is founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville.

New OrleansJean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville

Pontiac's War begins with Pontiac's attempt to seize Fort Detroit from the British.

Pontiac's WarPontiac (Ottawa leader)Fort Detroit

French Revolution: Robespierre introduces the Cult of the Supreme Being in the National Convention as the new state religion of the French First Republic.

French RevolutionMaximilien RobespierreCult of the Supreme BeingNational ConventionState religion

World premiere of Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in Vienna, Austria. The performance is conducted by Michael Umlauf under the composer's supervision.

Ludwig van BeethovenSymphony No. 9 (Beethoven)ViennaMichael Umlauf

Greece's independence is recognized by the Treaty of London.

Treaty of London, 1832

The Great Natchez Tornado strikes Natchez, Mississippi killing 317 people. It is the second deadliest tornado in United States history.

Great Natchez TornadoNatchez, MississippiTornado

The Cambridge Chronicle, America's oldest surviving weekly newspaper, is published for the first time in Cambridge, Massachusetts

Cambridge ChronicleCambridge, Massachusetts

American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.

American Civil WarArmy of the PotomacUlysses S. GrantBattle of the Wilderness

The world's oldest surviving clipper ship, the City of Adelaide is launched by William Pile, Hay and Co. in Sunderland, England, for transporting passengers and goods between Britain and Australia.

ClipperCity of Adelaide (1864)William Pile (shipbuilder)

In Saint Petersburg, Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society his invention, the Popov lightning detector — a primitive radio receiver. In some parts of the former Soviet Union the anniversary of this day is celebrated as Radio Day.

Saint PetersburgAlexander Stepanovich PopovLightningRadio receiverSoviet Union

World War I: German submarine U-20 sinks RMS Lusitania, killing 1,198 people, including 128 Americans. Public reaction to the sinking turns many formerly pro-Germans in the United States against the German Empire

World War ISubmarineSM U-20 (Germany)Sinking of the RMS LusitaniaGerman Empire

Japanese 21 Demands Ultimatum to China (Commemorated as National Day of Humiliation)

Twenty-One Demands

Kiev Offensive: Polish troops led by Józef Piłsudski and Edward Rydz-Śmigły and assisted by a symbolic Ukrainian force capture Kiev only to be driven out by the Red Army counter-offensive a month later.

Kiev Offensive (1920)Second Polish RepublicJózef PiłsudskiEdward Rydz-ŚmigłyUkrainian People's Republic

Treaty of Moscow: Soviet Russia recognizes the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia only to invade the country six months later.

Treaty of Moscow (1920)Russian SFSRDemocratic Republic of Georgia

The Art Gallery of Ontario, in Toronto, opens the first exhibition by the Group of Seven.

Art Gallery of OntarioGroup of Seven (artists)

The Jinan incident begins with Japanese forces killing the Chinese negotiating team in Jinan, China, and going on to kill over 2,000 Chinese civilians in the following days.

Jinan incident

The 7.1 Mw Salmas earthquake shakes northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Up to three-thousand people were killed.

1930 Salmas earthquakeMercalli intensity scale

Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces.

Spanish Civil WarCondor LegionHeinkel He 51Francisco Franco

The Norway Debate in the British House of Commons begins, and leads to the replacement of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain with Winston Churchill three days later.

Norway DebateBritish House of CommonsNeville ChamberlainWinston Churchill

During the Battle of the Coral Sea, United States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Imperial Japanese Navy light aircraft carrier Shōhō; the battle marks the first time in the naval history that two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.

Battle of the Coral SeaAircraft carrierImperial Japanese NavyLight aircraft carrierJapanese aircraft carrier Shōhō

World War II: General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document takes effect the next day.

World War IIAlfred JodlGerman Instrument of SurrenderReims

Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed Sony) is founded with around 20 employees.

Sony

The Council of Europe is founded during the Hague Congress.

Council of EuropeHague Congress (1948)