Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina.

Julius CaesarTitus LabienusBattle of Ruspina

Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex fights, and is defeated by, a Danish invasion army.

Battle of Reading (871)Æthelred of Wessex

Anne of Brittany announces that all those who would ally with the King of France will be considered guilty of the crime of lèse-majesté.

Anne of BrittanyList of French monarchsLèse-majesté

King Charles I of England attempts to arrest Five Members of Parliament, commencing England's slide into civil war.

Charles I of EnglandFive MembersEnglish Civil War

English Civil War: The Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.

Rump Parliament

The Netherlands, Great Britain, and France sign the Triple Alliance.

Dutch RepublicKingdom of Great BritainTriple Alliance (1717)

Great Britain enters the Seven Years' War against Spain and Naples.

Seven Years' WarNaples

Constantine Hangerli arrives in Bucharest, Wallachia, as its new Prince, invested by the Ottoman Empire.

Constantine HangerliBucharestWallachiaPrince of WallachiaOttoman Empire

Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the United States government.

Samuel ColtRevolver

After having been kidnapped and sold into slavery in the American South, Solomon Northup regains his freedom; his memoir Twelve Years a Slave later becomes a national bestseller.

Solomon NorthupTwelve Years a Slave

The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang.

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

The New Apostolic Church is established in Hamburg, Germany.

New Apostolic ChurchHamburg

The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters near Wall Street in New York City.

New York Stock ExchangeWall Street

Russo-Turkish War (1877-78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule and becomes capital of Liberated Bulgaria in 1879.

Russo-Turkish War (1877-78)SofiaBattle of SofiaOttoman BulgariaLiberation of Bulgaria

The Fabian Society is founded in London, England, United Kingdom.

Fabian Society

Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.

UtahU.S. state

Topsy, an elephant, is electrocuted by the owners of Luna Park, Coney Island. The Edison film company shoots the film Electrocuting an Elephant of Topsy's death.

Topsy (elephant)ElephantLuna Park, Coney Island (1903)Edison StudiosElectrocuting an Elephant

The Scout Association is incorporated throughout the British Empire by royal charter.

The Scout AssociationBritish EmpireRoyal charter

The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Russia, Sweden, Germany and France.

Finnish Declaration of Independence

World War II: Operation Carpetbagger, involving the dropping of arms and supplies to resistance fighters in Europe, begins.

World War IIOperation Carpetbagger

Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom.

Burma

Korean War: Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul.

Korean WarNorth KoreaThird Battle of Seoul

The Greek National Radical Union is formed by Konstantinos Karamanlis.

National Radical UnionKonstantinos Karamanlis

Sputnik 1 falls to Earth from orbit.

Sputnik 1Earth

Luna 1 becomes the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon.

Luna 1SpacecraftMoon

Gypsy opened and closed on Broadway after 120 performances and four previews

Gypsy (musical)Broadway theatre

A military coup takes place in Upper Volta (later Burkina Faso), dissolving the National Parliament and leading to a new national constitution.

French Upper VoltaBurkina Faso

Rose Heilbron becomes the first female judge to sit at the Old Bailey in London, England.

Rose HeilbronOld Bailey

United States President Richard Nixon refuses to hand over materials subpoenaed by the Senate Watergate Committee.

Richard NixonWatergate scandal

The Troubles: The Ulster Volunteer Force shoots dead six Irish Catholic civilians in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The next day, gunmen shoot dead ten Protestant civilians nearby in retaliation.

The TroublesUlster Volunteer ForceReavey and O'Dowd killingsCounty ArmaghKingsmill massacre