Battle of the Holme: Anglo-Saxon forces are defeated by Danish Vikings under Æthelwold (a son of Æthelred of Wessex) who is killed in battle.

Battle of the HolmeVikingsÆthelwold æthelingÆthelred of Wessex

Saint Celestine V resigns the papacy after only five months to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit.

Pope Celestine VPapal resignationPopeAsceticismHermit

Council of Trent begins.

Council of Trent

Sir Francis Drake sets sail from Plymouth, England, on his round-the-world voyage.

Francis DrakePlymouth

The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the National Guard of the United States.

Massachusetts Bay ColonyMilitiaPequot peopleNative Americans in the United StatesNational Guard of the United States

Abel Tasman reaches New Zealand.

Abel Tasman

English Civil War: The Battle of Alton takes place in Hampshire.

English Civil WarBattle of AltonHampshire

The English transport ship Duke William sinks in the North Atlantic, killing over 360 people.

Duke William (ship)

Dartmouth College is founded by the Reverend Eleazar Wheelock, with a royal charter from King George III, on land donated by Royal governor John Wentworth.

Dartmouth CollegeEleazar WheelockRoyal charterGeorge III of the United KingdomGovernor-general

Cyril VI of Constantinople resigns from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch.

Cyril VI of Constantinople

American Civil War: At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee defeats Union Major General Ambrose Burnside.

American Civil WarBattle of FredericksburgConfederate States of AmericaRobert E. LeeUnion Army

A Fenian bomb explodes in Clerkenwell, London, killing six.

FenianClerkenwell

George Gershwin's An American in Paris is first performed.

George GershwinAn American in Paris

Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: The city of Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese. This is followed by the Nanking Massacre, in which Japanese troops rape and slaughter hundreds of thousands of civilians.

Second Sino-Japanese WarBattle of NankingNanjingNational Revolutionary ArmyTang Shengzhi

The Holocaust: The Neuengamme concentration camp opens in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, Germany.

The HolocaustNeuengamme concentration campBergedorfHamburg

World War II: Battle of the River Plate: Captain Hans Langsdorff of the German Deutschland-class cruiser (pocket battleship) Admiral Graf Spee engages with Royal Navy cruisers HMS Exeter, HMS Ajax and HMNZS Achilles.

World War IIBattle of the River PlateHans LangsdorffNazi GermanyDeutschland-class cruiser

World War II: The Massacre of Kalavryta by German occupying forces in Greece.

Massacre of Kalavryta

The Knesset votes to move the capital of Israel to Jerusalem.

KnessetIsraelJerusalem

Archbishop Makarios III becomes the first President of Cyprus.

List of archbishops of CyprusMakarios IIIPresident of Cyprus

While Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia visits Brazil, his Imperial Bodyguard seizes the capital and proclaims him deposed and his son, Crown Prince Asfa Wossen, Emperor.

Emperor of EthiopiaHaile SelassieEthiopiaKebur Zabagna1960 Ethiopian coup attempt

NASA launches Relay 1, the first active repeater communications satellite in orbit.

NASARelay programSatellite

Constantine II of Greece attempts an unsuccessful counter-coup against the Regime of the Colonels.

Constantine II of GreeceGreek military junta of 1967-74Greek military junta of 1967-74

Brazilian President Artur da Costa e Silva issues AI-5 (Institutional Act No. 5), enabling government by decree and suspending habeas corpus.

Artur da Costa e SilvaAI-5Habeas corpus

Apollo program: Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt begin the third and final extra-vehicular activity (EVA) or "Moonwalk" of Apollo 17. To date they are the last humans to set foot on the Moon.

Apollo programEugene CernanHarrison SchmittExtra-vehicular activityApollo 17

Malta becomes a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations.

MaltaCommonwealth of Nations

Air Indiana Flight 216 crashes near Evansville Regional Airport, killing 29, including the University of Evansville basketball team, support staff, and boosters of the team.

Air Indiana Flight 216Evansville Regional AirportEvansville Purple Aces men's basketball

General Wojciech Jaruzelski declares martial law in Poland, largely due to the actions by Solidarity.

Wojciech JaruzelskiMartial lawSolidarity (Polish trade union)

The 6.0 Ms North Yemen earthquake shakes southwestern Yemen with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing 2,800, and injuring 1,500.

1982 North Yemen earthquakeYemenMercalli intensity scale

PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat gives a speech at a UN General Assembly meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, after United States authorities refused to grant him a visa to visit UN headquarters in New York.

Chairman of the Palestine Liberation OrganizationYasser ArafatUnited Nations General AssemblyGenevaVisa (document)

The Troubles: Attack on Derryard checkpoint: The Provisional Irish Republican Army launches an attack on a British Army temporary vehicle checkpoint near Rosslea, Northern Ireland. Two British soldiers are killed and two others are wounded.

The TroublesAttack on Derryard checkpointProvisional Irish Republican ArmyBritish ArmyRosslea