Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia, on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.

Constantius IIFeverMopsuestiaCiliciaBaptism

Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim caliph, is assassinated by a Persian slave in Medina.

UmarCaliphPersian peopleMedina

The River Arno flooding causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani.

ArnoFlorenceGiovanni Villani

Liège is sacked by Charles I of Burgundy's troops.

LiègeCharles I, Duke of Burgundy

Peace of Etaples between Henry VII of England and Charles VIII of France.

Peace of EtaplesHenry VII of EnglandCharles VIII of France

Christopher Columbus first sights the island of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea.

Christopher ColumbusDominicaCaribbean Sea

English Parliament passes the first Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the Anglican Church, supplanting the pope and the Roman Catholic Church.

Acts of SupremacyHenry VIII of EnglandRoman Catholic Church

The city of San Luis Potosí is founded.

San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí

The American Continental Army is disbanded.

Continental Army

The first District Court established by the Constitution opens in New York City.

District CourtConstitutionNew York City

French playwright, journalist and feminist Olympe de Gouges is guillotined.

FeministOlympe de GougesGuillotine

Napoleon's armies are defeated at the Battle of Vyazma.

NapoleonBattle of Vyazma

The Bank of Montreal, Canada's oldest chartered bank, opens in Montreal.

Bank of MontrealList of banks in the AmericasMontreal

The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.

The Times of IndiaEnglish languageBroadsheetNewspaper

A greatly revised Dutch constitution, drafted by Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, severely limiting the powers of the Dutch monarchy, and strengthening the powers of parliament and ministers, is proclaimed.

Dutch constitutionJohan Rudolph ThorbeckeDutch monarchy

Giuseppe Garibaldi and his followers are defeated in the Battle of Mentana and fail to end the Pope's Temporal power in Rome (it would be achieved three years later).

Giuseppe GaribaldiBattle of MentanaTemporal power (papal)

John Willis Menard (R-Louisiana) was the first African American elected to the United States Congress. Because of an electoral challenge, he was never seated.

John Willis MenardUnited States Congress

The Mapuche uprising of 1881 begins in Chile.

Mapuche uprising of 1881

American Old West: Self-described "Black Bart the poet" gets away with his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves a clue that eventually leads to his capture.

American Old WestBlack Bart (outlaw)Stagecoach

France withdraws its troops from Fashoda (now in Sudan), ending the Fashoda Incident.

FashodaFashoda Incident

With the encouragement of the United States, Panama separates from Colombia.

PanamaSeparation of Panama from ColombiaColombia

William Howard Taft is elected the 27th President of the United States.

William Howard TaftPresident of the United States

Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in competition with the Ford Model T.

ChevroletFord Model T

Austria-Hungary enters into the Armistice of Villa Giusti with the Allies, and the Habsburg-ruled empire dissolves.

Austria-HungaryArmistice of Villa GiustiAllies of World War I

The German Revolution of 1918-19 begins when 40,000 sailors take over the port in Kiel.

German Revolution of 1918-19Kiel mutinyKiel

Getúlio Dornelles Vargas becomes Head of the Provisional Government in Brazil after a bloodless coup on October 24.

Getúlio Dornelles VargasBrazilOctober 24

Panagis Tsaldaris becomes the 142nd Prime Minister of Greece.

Panagis TsaldarisList of Prime Ministers of Greece

George II of Greece regains his throne through a popular, though possibly fixed, plebiscite.

George II of GreeceGreek monarchy referendum, 1935

Franklin D. Roosevelt is re-elected President of the United States.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

World War II: The Koli Point action begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on November 12.

World War IIKoli Point actionGuadalcanal CampaignNovember 12