People's Crusade: A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fight off the People's Army of the West.

People's Crusade

First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of Antioch.

First CrusadeGodfrey of BouillonBohemund of TarantoRaymond IV, Count of ToulouseSiege of Antioch

Otto IV is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.

Otto IV, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman EmpirePope Innocent III

Nanboku-chō, Japan: Emperor Go-Kameyama abdicates in favor of rival claimant Go-Komatsu.

Nanboku-chō periodEmperor Go-KameyamaEmperor Go-Komatsu

Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg.

Martin LutherUniversity of Wittenberg

Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as Strait of Magellan.

Ferdinand MagellanStraitStrait of Magellan

João Álvares Fagundes discovers the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, bestowing them their original name of "Islands of the 11,000 Virgins".

João Álvares FagundesSaint Pierre and Miquelon

Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara, which marks the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate.

Tokugawa IeyasuBattle of SekigaharaTokugawa shogunate

First display of the word "Liberty" on a flag, raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts in defiance of British rule in Colonial America.

Taunton, MassachusettsColonial America

In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched.

Boston HarborFrigateUSS Constitution

Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Trafalgar: A British fleet led by Vice Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Villeneuve.

Napoleonic WarsBattle of TrafalgarAdmiral (Royal Navy)Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount NelsonPierre-Charles Villeneuve

Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement.

Joseph AspdinPatentPortland cement

Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses are sent to the Crimean War.

Florence NightingaleNurseCrimean War

American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war.

American Civil WarBattle of Ball's BluffUnited StatesEdward Dickinson BakerConfederate States of America

The Medicine Lodge Treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western Oklahoma.

Medicine Lodge TreatyGreat PlainsNative Americans in the United StatesOklahoma

Thomas Edison applies for a patent for his design for an incandescent light bulb.

Thomas EdisonIncandescent light bulb

Foundation of the Swiss Social Democratic Party.

Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Opening ceremonies for the World's Columbian Exposition are held in Chicago, though because construction was behind schedule, the exposition did not open until May 1, 1893.

World's Columbian Exposition

The Republic of Formosa collapses as Japanese forces invade.

Republic of FormosaEmpire of Japan

HMS Niobe arrives in Halifax Harbour to become the first ship of the Royal Canadian Navy.

HMS Niobe (1897)Halifax HarbourRoyal Canadian Navy

First Balkan War: Kardzhali is liberated by Bulgarian forces.

First Balkan WarKardzhaliKingdom of Bulgaria

President Warren G. Harding delivers the first speech by a sitting U.S. President against lynching in the deep South.

Warren G. HardingLynching

The Sakurakai, a secret society in the Imperial Japanese Army, launches an abortive coup d'état attempt.

SakurakaiImperial Japanese ArmyOctober incident

The first edition of the Ernest Hemingway novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is published.

Ernest HemingwayFor Whom the Bell Tolls

The Provisional Government of Free India is formally declared by Subhas Chandra Bose.

Azad HindSubhas Chandra Bose

World War II: The first kamikaze attack. A Japanese fighter plane carrying a 200-kilogram (440 lb) bomb attacks HMAS Australia off Leyte Island, as the Battle of Leyte Gulf began.

KamikazeBombHMAS Australia (D84)Leyte (island)Battle of Leyte Gulf

World War II: Nemmersdorf massacre against the German civilians takes place.

Nemmersdorf massacre

World War II: Battle of Aachen: The city of Aachen falls to American forces after three weeks of fighting, making it the first German city to fall to the Allies.

Battle of AachenAachen

Women's suffrage: Women are allowed to vote in France for the first time.

Women's suffrage

Korean War: Heavy fighting begins between British and Australian forces from the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade and the North Korean 239th Regiment during the Battle of Yongju.

Korean War27th British Commonwealth BrigadeBattle of Yongju