Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy.

Pope Callixtus IIHenry V, Holy Roman EmperorConcordat of WormsInvestiture Controversy

The Battle of Arnemuiden was the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and the first naval battle using artillery, as the English ship Christopher had three cannons and one hand gun.

Battle of Arnemuiden

Battle of Kherlen, the second significant victory over Ming dynasty China by the Mongols since 1368.

Battle of KherlenMing dynastyMongols

Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, takes place.

Battle of Blore HeathWars of the Roses

Spanish naval forces rout an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near Veracruz.

Spanish EmpireKingdom of EnglandJohn Hawkins (naval commander)Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568)Veracruz

The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure of over 100,000 pounds of gold (worth over £1 billion today), is lost at sea off Land's End.

Merchant RoyalLand's End

First commencement exercises occur at Harvard College.

Harvard College

American Revolution: John Paul Jones on board the USS Bonhomme Richard wins the Battle of Flamborough Head.

American RevolutionJohn Paul JonesUSS Bonhomme Richard (1765)Battle of Flamborough Head

American Revolution: British Major John André is arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold's change of sides.

John AndréEspionageBenedict Arnold

Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Assaye between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.

Second Anglo-Maratha WarBattle of AssayeEast India CompanyMaratha Empire

Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

Lewis and Clark ExpeditionSt. LouisPacific Northwest

Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.

Siege of TripolitsaGreek War of Independence

The Knickerbockers Baseball Club, the first baseball team to play under the modern rules, is founded in New York.

New York KnickerbockersBaseball

Astronomers Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.

Urbain Le VerrierJohn Couch AdamsJohann Gottfried GalleNeptune

Grito de Lares ("Lares Revolt") occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.

Grito de LaresPuerto Rico

Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.

NintendoFusajiro YamauchiHanafuda

American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.

Asiatic SquadronBattle of Olongapo

Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad treaty", peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.

KarlstadDissolution of the union between Norway and SwedenUnion between Sweden and Norway

The Phantom of the Opera (original title: Le Fantôme de l'Opéra), a novel by French writer Gaston Leroux, is first published as a serialization in Le Gaulois.

The Phantom of the OperaGaston LerouxLe Gaulois

Pilot Earle Ovington makes the first official airmail delivery in America under the authority of the United States Post Office Department

Earle OvingtonAirmailUnited States Post Office Department

Roland Garros of France becomes the first to fly in an airplane across the Mediterranean (from St. Raphael France to Bizerte, Tunisia).

Roland Garros (aviator)Bizerte

The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

HejazNejdSaudi Arabia

Mobilization of the Czechoslovak army in response to the Munich Agreement.

CzechoslovakiaMunich Agreement

World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins: U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River.

World War IIActions along the MatanikauGuadalcanal

World War II: The Nazi puppet state known as the Italian Social Republic is founded.

Nazi GermanyPuppet stateItalian Social Republic

Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282: The first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II occurs.

Korean WarBattle of Hill 282

The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts opens in New York City.

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts

Argentine general election: Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.

Argentine general election, September 1973Juan PerónArgentina

Bob Marley plays what would be his last concert in Pittsburgh.

Bob Marley

Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the United Nations.

Saint Kitts and NevisUnited Nations