Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.

AssyriaAssyrian eclipseChronologyMesopotamia

Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.

Louis II of ItalyItalyRomePope Sergius II

Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.

Battle of Soissons (923)Robert I of FranceCharles the SimpleRudolph of France

King Magnus V of Norway is killed at the Battle of Fimreite.

Magnus V of NorwayBattle of Fimreite

King John of England puts his seal to Magna Carta.

John of EnglandSeal (emblem)Magna Carta

Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lyndanisse (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia.

Northern CrusadesBattle of LyndanisseTallinnDanish Estonia

With the death of Frederick II, Duke of Austria, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.

Frederick II, Duke of AustriaBabenberg dynasty

The city of Bilbao is founded.

Bilbao

At the Battle of Rozgony, King Charles I of Hungary wins a decisive victory over the family of Palatine Amade Aba.

Battle of RozgonyCharles I of HungaryPalatine of HungaryAmade Aba

Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.

Battle of KosovoOttoman EmpireSerbsBosnia and Herzegovina

In a decisive battle at Onon River, the Mongol forces of Oljei Temur were decimated by the Chinese armies of the Yongle Emperor.

Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the MongolsOljei TemurYongle Emperor

Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Martinique on his fourth voyage.

Christopher ColumbusMartinique

Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in Exsurge Domine.

Pope Leo XExcommunicationMartin LutherExsurge Domine

Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Margaret Jones (Puritan midwife)BostonWitchcraftMassachusetts Bay Colony

The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys.

Blood transfusionJean-Baptiste Denys

The first stone of Fort Ricasoli is laid down in Malta.

Fort Ricasoli

Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity (traditional date, the exact date is unknown).

Benjamin FranklinLightningElectricity

Delaware Separation Day: Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.

DelawarePennsylvania

New Hampshire approves the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratifying the document.

New HampshireTwelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Joseph Bonaparte becomes King of Spain.

Joseph BonaparteKing of Spain

Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.

ArkansasU.S. state

Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.

Charles GoodyearPatentVulcanizationRubber

The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

Oregon Treaty49th parallel northRocky MountainsStrait of Juan de Fuca

Pig War: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the "Northwestern Boundary Dispute" between United States and British/Canadian settlers.

Pig War (1859)

American Civil War: The Second Battle of Petersburg begins.

American Civil WarSecond Battle of Petersburg

Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200 acres (0.81 km2) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.

Arlington National CemeteryRobert E. LeeCemeteryUnited States Secretary of WarEdwin M. Stanton

Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.

Henry Ossian FlipperAfrican AmericanUnited States Military Academy

Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.

Eadweard MuybridgeSallie Gardner at a GallopFilm

Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire. Due to the death of his predecessors Wilhelm I and Frederick III, 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.

Wilhelm II, German EmperorGerman EmpireWilliam I, German EmperorFrederick III, German EmperorYear of the Three Emperors

The deadliest tsunami in Japan's history kills more than 22,000 people.

1896 Sanriku earthquake