Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria).

Battle of CallinicumByzantine EmpireBelisariusSasanian EmpireRaqqa

Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI. He is deposed and blinded. Shortly after, Constantine dies of his wounds; Irene proclaims herself basileus.

Irene of AthensByzantine EmpireConstantine VIPolitical mutilation in Byzantine cultureBasileus

Martyrdom of Ælfheah in Greenwich, England.

MartyrdomÆlfheah of CanterburyGreenwich

The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are being slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics.

Lisbon MassacrePortuguese people

Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.

Protestant ReformationSecond Diet of SpeyerFürstFree imperial cityProtestation at Speyer

Treaty of Frankfurt signed

Treaty of Frankfurt (1539)

In Ireland: O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry

O'Doherty's RebellionBurning of Derry

The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.

Siege of Cambrai (1677)

With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa (not actually born until 1717).

Charles VI, Holy Roman EmperorPragmatic Sanction of 1713HabsburgHabsburg MonarchyMaria Theresa

Captain James Cook, still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.

James Cook

Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI of France in a proxy wedding.

Marie AntoinetteLouis XVI of FranceProxy marriage

American Revolutionary War: The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord.

American Revolutionary WarBattles of Lexington and Concord

John Adams secures the Dutch Republic's recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague, Netherlands becomes the first American embassy.

John AdamsDutch RepublicThe HagueDiplomatic missions of the United States

An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.

Duchy of WarsawBattle of Raszyn (1809)Fifth CoalitionFirst French EmpireLouis-Nicolas Davout

Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.

VenezuelaVicente EmparánGovernorCaptaincy GeneralCaracas

The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.

Treaty of London (1839)

American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.

American Civil WarBaltimore riot of 1861Secession in the United StatesBaltimore

The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world.

Kishinev pogromKishinevBessarabiaHistory of PalestineWestern world

Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.

Mae WestObscenitySex (play)

World War II: In Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.

World War IIGhettoLublin GhettoMajdanek

World War II: In Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up the remaining Jews.

Warsaw Ghetto UprisingNazi GermanyWarsaw Ghetto

Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco.

Grace KellyRainier III, Prince of Monaco

Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.

April RevolutionPresident of South KoreaSyngman Rhee

Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.

Sierra LeoneRepublicSiaka Stevens

Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station.

Salyut 1Space station

Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment) for conspiracy in the Tate-LaBianca murders.

Charles MansonConspiracy (criminal)Tate-LaBianca murders

The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel.

Socialist Party (Portugal)Bad Münstereifel

India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia.

IndiaAryabhata (satellite)Kapustin YarRussia

Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours.

Advance Australia FairNational anthemNational colours of Australia

The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.

FreedmanMilichusPisonian conspiracyRoman emperorNero