Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona and Douce I, Countess of Provence marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.

Ramon Berenguer III, Count of BarcelonaDouce I, Countess of Provence

More than 2,000 people of the Italian city of Cesena are killed by the Condottieri (papal armed forces) in the "Cesena Bloodbath".

CesenaCondottieriCesena Bloodbath

Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.

SultanMehmed IIOttoman Empire

Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, becoming the first known European to travel so far south.

Bartolomeu DiasMossel BayCape of Good Hope

The Portuguese navy defeats a joint fleet of the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Venice, the Sultan of Gujarat, the Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt, the Zamorin of Calicut, and the Republic of Ragusa at the Battle of Diu in Diu, India.

Portuguese EmpireOttoman EmpireRepublic of VeniceMahmud BegadaBurji dynasty

The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in the Americas.

MassachusettsPaper money

During the Battle of Fraustadt Swedish forces defeat a superior Saxon-Polish-Russian force by deploying a double envelopment.

Battle of FraustadtSaxonyDouble envelopment

American Revolutionary War: British forces seize the Dutch-owned Caribbean island Sint Eustatius.

American Revolutionary WarCapture of Sint EustatiusDutch RepublicSint Eustatius

American Revolutionary War: Spain recognizes United States independence.

Militia led by General Benjamin Lincoln crush the remnants of Shays' Rebellion in Petersham, Massachusetts.

Benjamin LincolnShays' RebellionPetersham, Massachusetts

A British military force, under Brigadier-General Sir Samuel Auchmuty captures the Spanish Empire city of Montevideo, now the capital of Uruguay.

Samuel Auchmuty (British Army officer)Spanish EmpireMontevideoUruguay

The Territory of Illinois is created by the 10th United States Congress.

Illinois Territory10th United States Congress

José de San Martín defeats a Spanish royalist army at the Battle of San Lorenzo, part of the Argentine War of Independence.

José de San MartínBattle of San LorenzoArgentine War of Independence

The London Protocol of 1830 establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the Ottoman Empire as the final result of the Greek War of Independence.

London Protocol (1830)GreeceOttoman EmpireGreek War of Independence

Wake Forest University is established.

Wake Forest University

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to male citizens regardless of race.

Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Greco-Turkish War breaks out.

Greco-Turkish War (1897)

The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect an income tax.

Sixteenth Amendment to the United States ConstitutionFederal government of the United StatesIncome tax

The Centre Block of the Parliament buildings in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada burns down with the loss of 7 lives.

Centre BlockParliament of CanadaOttawa

World War I: The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany a day after the latter announced a new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.

World War ISubmarine

The Twin Peaks Tunnel in San Francisco, California begins service as the longest streetcar tunnel in the world at 11,920 feet (3,633 meters) long.

Twin Peaks TunnelSan FranciscoCaliforniaStreetcar

Communist Party of Vietnam is founded at a "Unification Conference" held in Kowloon, British Hong Kong.

Communist Party of VietnamKowloon PeninsulaBritish Hong Kong

The Hawke's Bay earthquake, New Zealand's worst natural disaster, kills 258.

1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake

Adolf Hitler announces that the expansion of Lebensraum into Eastern Europe, and its ruthless Germanisation, are the ultimate geopolitical objectives of Third Reich foreign policy.

Adolf HitlerLebensraumGermanisationThird Reich

The SS Dorchester is sunk by a German U-boat. Only 230 of 902 men aboard survive.

SS Dorchester

World War II: During the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, U.S. Army and Marine forces seize Kwajalein Atoll from the defending Japanese garrison.

World War IIGilbert and Marshall Islands campaignUnited States ArmyUnited States MarinesBattle of Kwajalein

World War II: As part of Operation Thunderclap, 1,000 B-17s of the Eighth Air Force bomb Berlin, a raid which kills between 2,500 and 3,000 and dehouses another 120,000.

Bombing of Berlin in World War IIB-17 Flying FortressEighth Air ForceDehousing

World War II: The United States and the Philippine Commonwealth begin a month-long battle to retake Manila from Japan.

Commonwealth of the PhilippinesBattle of Manila (1945)ManilaEmpire of Japan

The Batepá massacre occurred in São Tomé when the colonial administration and Portuguese landowners unleashed a wave of violence against the native creoles known as forros.

Batepá massacreSão ToméCreole peoplesForro Creole

Founding of the Benelux Economic Union, creating a testing ground for a later European Economic Community.

BeneluxEuropean Economic Community