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JANUARY

01.20

1月20日 · 星期二

今天,历史发生过什么?

今日导读AI 生成导读 · 事实锚定维基百科

1265.01.20:平民走进议会,英格兰的政治天平开始倾斜

七百多年前的威斯敏斯特宫,贵族与各城镇代表坐在同一间大厅里,讨论王国事务——这不再是国王的独白,而是社会的合声。第一次有平民参与的英格兰议会就此开启,它悄然埋下“无代表,不纳税”的种子。今天,当现代议会民主被视作理所当然,那一天的会议仍提醒我们:权力从封闭走向开放,是从让普通人发声开始的。

让平民的声音进入殿堂,历史便换了方向。

1月20日大事记

按时间排序,共 30 件

  1. 250

    Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Pope Fabian is martyred.

    DeciusPope Fabian

  2. 649

    King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.

    ChindasuinthBraulio of ZaragozaRecceswinthVisigothic Kingdom

  3. 1265

    The first English parliament to include not only Lords but also representatives of the major towns holds its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now commonly known as the "Houses of Parliament".

    Simon de Montfort's ParliamentPalace of Westminster

  4. 1320

    Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland.

    Wladyslaw LokietekHistory of Poland during the Piast dynasty

  5. 1356

    Edward Balliol surrenders his claim to the Scottish throne to Edward III in exchange for an English pension.

    Edward BalliolList of Scottish monarchsEdward III of England

  6. 1523

    Christian II is forced to abdicate as King of Denmark and Norway.

    Christian II of Denmark

  7. 1567

    Battle of Rio de Janeiro: Portuguese forces under the command of Estácio de Sá definitively drive the French out of Rio de Janeiro.

    Battle of Rio de Janeiro (1567)Portuguese EmpireEstácio de Sá

  8. 1576

    The Mexican city of León is founded by order of the viceroy Don Martín Enríquez de Almanza.

    León, GuanajuatoMartín Enríquez de Almanza

  9. 1649

    Charles I of England goes on trial for treason and other "high crimes".

    Charles I of EnglandHigh crimes

  10. 1783

    The Kingdom of Great Britain signs a peace treaty with France and Spain, officially ending hostilities in the American Revolutionary War.

    American Revolutionary War

  11. 1785

    Invading Siamese forces attempt to exploit the political chaos in Vietnam, but are ambushed and annihilated at the Mekong river by the Tây Sơn in the Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút.

    Rattanakosin KingdomVietnamMekongTây SơnBattle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút

  12. 1788

    The third and main part of First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay. Arthur Phillip decides that Botany Bay is unsuitable for the location of a penal colony, and decides to move to Port Jackson.

    First FleetBotany BayArthur PhillipPort Jackson

  13. 1839

    In the Battle of Yungay, Chile defeats an alliance between Peru and Bolivia.

    Battle of YungayChilePeruBolivia

  14. 1841

    Hong Kong Island is occupied by the British.

    Hong Kong Island

  15. 1877

    The last day of the Constantinople Conference results in agreement for political reforms in the Balkans.

    Constantinople ConferenceBalkans

  16. 1887

    The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base.

    United States SenateUnited States NavyPearl Harbor

  17. 1920

    The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is founded.

    American Civil Liberties Union

  18. 1921

    The first Constitution of Turkey is adopted, making fundamental changes in the source and exercise of sovereignty by consecrating the principle of national sovereignty.

    Turkish Constitution of 1921National sovereignty

  19. 1929

    In Old Arizona, the first full-length talking motion picture filmed outdoors, is released.

    In Old Arizona

  20. 1936

    Edward VIII becomes King of the United Kingdom.

    Edward VIII

  21. 1937

    Franklin Delano Roosevelt and John Nance Garner are sworn in for their second terms as U.S. President and U.S. Vice President, the first occasion a Presidential Inauguration to take place on January 20 following the ratification of the 20th Amendment

    Franklin Delano RooseveltJohn Nance GarnerU.S. PresidentU.S. Vice PresidentTwentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution

  22. 1941

    A German officer is killed in Bucharest, Romania, sparking a rebellion and pogrom by the Iron Guard, killing 125 Jews and 30 soldiers.

    BucharestRomaniaLegionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogromIron Guard

  23. 1942

    World War II: At the Wannsee Conference held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee, senior Nazi German officials discuss the implementation of the "Final Solution to the Jewish question".

    World War IIWannsee ConferenceWannseeNazi GermanyFinal Solution

  24. 1945

    World War II: The provisional government of Béla Miklós in Hungary agrees to an armistice with the Allies.

    Béla MiklósArmisticeAllies of World War II

  25. 1945

    World War II: Germany begins the evacuation of 1.8 million people from East Prussia, a task which will take nearly two months.

    Nazi GermanyEvacuation of East PrussiaEast Prussia

  26. 1948

    United Nations Security Council Resolution 39 relating to India and Pakistan is adopted.

    United Nations Security Council Resolution 39

  27. 1949

    Point Four Program a program for economic aid to poor countries announced by United States President Harry S. Truman in his inaugural address for a full term as President.

    Point Four ProgramEconomic aidHarry S. TrumanInaugural address

  28. 1953

    Dwight D. Eisenhower is inaugurated as the 34th President of the United States of America, becoming the first President to begin his presidency on January 20 following the ratification of the 20th Amendment.

    Dwight D. EisenhowerPresident of the United States of AmericaTwentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution

  29. 1954

    In the United States, the National Negro Network is established with 40 charter member radio stations.

    National Negro Network

  30. 1972

    Pakistan launched its nuclear weapons program, a few weeks after its defeat in the Bangladesh Liberation War, as well as the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

    Pakistan and weapons of mass destructionBangladesh Liberation WarIndo-Pakistani War of 1971

1月20日出生的名人

  • G

    225 · Gordian III, Roman emperor (d. 244)

  • A

    1029 · Alp Arslan, Seljuk sultan (d. 1072)

  • E

    1292 · Elizabeth of Bohemia, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1330)

  • A

    1436 · Ashikaga Yoshimasa, Japanese shogun (d. 1490)

  • J

    1488 · John George, Marquess of Montferrat, Italian noble (d. 1533)

  • S

    1488 · Sebastian Münster, German scholar, cartographer, and cosmographer (d. 1552)

  • S

    1499 · Sebastian Franck, German humanist. (d. 1543)

  • S

    1502 · Sebastian de Aparicio, Spanish-Mexican rancher and missionary (d. 1600)

  • R

    1526 · Rafael Bombelli, Italian mathematician (d. 1572)

  • S

    1554 · Sebastian of Portugal (d. 1578)

  • H

    1569 · Heribert Rosweyde, Jesuit hagiographer (d. 1629)

  • S

    1573 · Simon Marius, German astronomer and academic (d. 1624)

1月20日逝世的名人

  • P

    250 · Pope Fabian (b. 200)

  • A

    820 · Al-Shafi‘i, Palestinian scholar and jurist (b. 767)

  • T

    842 · Theophilos, Byzantine emperor (b. 813)

  • L

    882 · Louis the Younger, king of the East Frankish Kingdom

  • L

    924 · Li Jitao, general of Later Tang

  • Z

    928 · Zhao Guangfeng, Chinese official and chancellor

  • W

    1095 · Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester

  • H

    1156 · Henry, English-Finnish bishop and saint

  • E

    1189 · Emperor Shizong of Jin (b. 1123)

  • F

    1191 · Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia (b. 1167)

  • T

    1191 · Theobald V, Count of Blois (b. 1130)

  • J

    1265 · John Maunsell, Lord Chancellor of England

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